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Structure Real-Time Examples in C Language
In this article, I will discuss Structure Real-time Examples in C Language with Examples. Please read our previous article discussing Structure using Pointer in C with Examples. At the end of this article, you will understand the following examples using Structure in C.
- Student Database System
- Bank Account Management
- Employee Management System
- University Course Management
- Contact Management System
- Vehicle Information System
- Dynamic Employee Management System
- Singly Linked List
- Dynamic Array of Structures
Structure Real-time Examples in C Language
Using structures in C can greatly enhance code organization and readability, particularly when grouping different data types is beneficial. Here are some real-time examples that demonstrate the use of structures without involving pointers:
Example: Student Database System
We’ll create a simple student database system using the structures in this example. This system will hold student information, such as ID, name, and grades.
Struct Definition:
struct Student {
int id;
char name[50];
float grade;
};
Function to Display Student Information:
void displayStudent(struct Student stu) {
printf("Student ID: %d\n", stu.id);
printf("Student Name: %s\n", stu.name);
printf("Student Grade: %.2f\n", stu.grade);
}
Main Function:
int main() {
struct Student student1;
student1.id = 1;
strcpy(student1.name, "Alice Smith");
student1.grade = 3.5;
displayStudent(student1);
return 0;
}
In this example, we define a Student structure, populate it with data, and display the information using a function. This approach can be extended to manage many student records, including features like adding, updating, and deleting student data.
Example: Bank Account Management
Here, we’ll visually represent a bank account management system. We’ll use structures to represent bank accounts and perform simple operations.
Struct Definition:
struct BankAccount {
int accountNumber;
char holderName[100];
double balance;
};
Function to Deposit Money:
void deposit(struct BankAccount *account, double amount) {
account->balance += amount;
}
Function to Withdraw Money:
void withdraw(struct BankAccount *account, double amount) {
if (amount <= account->balance) {
account->balance -= amount;
} else {
printf("Insufficient funds.\n");
}
}
Main Function:
int main() {
struct BankAccount account1 = {123456, "John Doe", 1000.0};
printf("Initial Balance: $%.2f\n", account1.balance);
deposit(&account1, 500.0);
printf("Balance after deposit: $%.2f\n", account1.balance);
withdraw(&account1, 200.0);
printf("Balance after withdrawal: $%.2f\n", account1.balance);
return 0;
}
In this example, we define a BankAccount structure and perform deposit and withdrawal operations. The functions deposit and withdraw modify the account’s balance. This kind of structure-based approach is foundational in creating more complex banking systems.
Example: Employee Management System
In an employee management system, structures can store and manage employee information, such as their ID, name, department, and salary.
Structure Definition:
struct Employee {
int id;
char name[50];
char department[50];
double salary;
};
Function to Display Employee Information:
void printEmployeeInfo(struct Employee emp) {
printf("Employee ID: %d\n", emp.id);
printf("Employee Name: %s\n", emp.name);
printf("Department: %s\n", emp.department);
printf("Salary: %.2f\n", emp.salary);
}
Main Function:
int main() {
struct Employee emp1 = {1, "Alice Johnson", "IT", 75000.00};
printEmployeeInfo(emp1);
return 0;
}
This program defines an Employee structure, initializes an employee’s data, and displays it. In a real system, you would have more functionality, like adding, updating, or deleting employee records.
Example: University Course Management
In this example, we use structures to represent and manage university courses and student enrollment.
Structure Definitions:
struct Course {
int id;
char title[100];
int credits;
};
struct Student {
int id;
char name[50];
struct Course enrolledCourses[5];
int enrolledCourseCount;
};
Function to Enroll in a Course:
void enrollCourse(struct Student *student, struct Course course) {
if (student->enrolledCourseCount < 5) {
student->enrolledCourses[student->enrolledCourseCount++] = course;
} else {
printf("Cannot enroll in more than 5 courses.\n");
}
}
Main Function:
int main() {
struct Student student1 = {1001, "John Doe", {}, 0};
struct Course course1 = {101, "Introduction to Computer Science", 4};
struct Course course2 = {102, "Data Structures", 3};
enrollCourse(&student1, course1);
enrollCourse(&student1, course2);
// Display student's enrolled courses
printf("Courses enrolled by %s:\n", student1.name);
for (int i = 0; i < student1.enrolledCourseCount; i++) {
printf("%s\n", student1.enrolledCourses[i].title);
}
return 0;
}
In this program, we define structures for Course and Student. A student can enroll in multiple courses. We demonstrate enrolling a student in courses and then display the enrolled courses.
Example: Contact Management System
In a contact management system, structures can be used to store and manage information about individuals, such as their name, phone number, and email address.
Structure Definition:
struct Contact {
char name[100];
char phoneNumber[15];
char email[100];
};
Function to Display Contact Information:
void displayContact(struct Contact c) {
printf("Name: %s\n", c.name);
printf("Phone Number: %s\n", c.phoneNumber);
printf("Email: %s\n", c.email);
}
Main Function:
int main() {
struct Contact contact1;
strcpy(contact1.name, "Alice Johnson");
strcpy(contact1.phoneNumber, "123-456-7890");
strcpy(contact1.email, "alice.johnson@example.com");
displayContact(contact1);
return 0;
}
In this example, we define a Contact structure, populate it with data, and display the information. This approach can be extended to manage a list of contacts, including features like adding, updating, and deleting contact data.
Example: Vehicle Information System
Here, we’ll create a representation of a vehicle information system. We’ll use structures to represent vehicles and store details like the make, model, and year.
Structure Definition:
struct Vehicle {
char make[50];
char model[50];
int year;
};
Function to Display Vehicle Information:
void displayVehicle(struct Vehicle v) {
printf("Make: %s\n", v.make);
printf("Model: %s\n", v.model);
printf("Year: %d\n", v.year);
}
Main Function:
int main() {
struct Vehicle car = {"Toyota", "Corolla", 2020};
displayVehicle(car);
return 0;
}
In this program, we define a Vehicle structure and display its details. This structure-based approach is foundational in creating more complex systems for managing vehicle-related information, such as fleets in a transportation company.
Example: Dynamic Employee Management System
This example demonstrates a simple employee management system using structures and pointers, where each employee’s information is dynamically allocated.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct {
int id;
char name[100];
float salary;
} Employee;
void printEmployee(Employee *e) {
printf("ID: %d, Name: %s, Salary: %.2f\n", e->id, e->name, e->salary);
}
int main() {
Employee *emp = malloc(sizeof(Employee));
if (emp == NULL) {
perror("Memory allocation failed");
return 1;
}
emp->id = 123;
strcpy(emp->name, "John Doe");
emp->salary = 50000.0;
printEmployee(emp);
free(emp);
return 0;
}
Example: Singly Linked List
A singly linked list is a classic example of using self-referential structures with pointers. It’s a linear collection of data elements, where each element points to the next.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct Node {
int data;
struct Node *next;
} Node;
Node* createNode(int data) {
Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if (!newNode) return NULL;
newNode->data = data;
newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode;
}
void printList(Node *head) {
while (head != NULL) {
printf("%d -> ", head->data);
head = head->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}
int main() {
Node *head = createNode(1);
head->next = createNode(2);
head->next->next = createNode(3);
printList(head);
// Freeing the list (not shown for brevity)
return 0;
}
Example: Dynamic Array of Structures
This example shows how to create and manipulate a dynamic array of structures.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
int x;
int y;
} Point;
int main() {
int n = 3;
Point *points = (Point *)malloc(n * sizeof(Point));
if (!points) {
perror("Memory allocation failed");
return 1;
}
// Initializing points
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
points[i].x = i;
points[i].y = i * i;
}
// Printing points
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("Point %d: (%d, %d)\n", i + 1, points[i].x, points[i].y);
}
free(points);
return 0;
}
These examples demonstrate how structures in C can be used to model real-world entities and manage data efficiently. Structures provide a way to group related data together, making it easier to manipulate and maintain. In practice, such applications would be more complex and feature-rich, often involving dynamic memory allocation, file handling, and more sophisticated data management techniques.
In the next article, I will discuss Union in C Language with Examples. In this article, I explain Structure Real-Time Examples in C Language. I hope you enjoy this Structure Real-Time Examples in C Language article. I would like to have your feedback. Please post feedback, questions, or comments about this article.
About the Author: Pranaya Rout
Pranaya Rout has published more than 3,000 articles in his 11-year career. Pranaya Rout has very good experience with Microsoft Technologies, Including C#, VB, ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, EF, EF Core, ADO.NET, LINQ, SQL Server, MYSQL, Oracle, ASP.NET Core, Cloud Computing, Microservices, Design Patterns and still learning new technologies.
